apashtau | s/he uses it | nitapashtan | I use it |
katau | s/he hides it | nikatan | I hide it |
Some verbs take VAI (animate intransitive verb) endings even though they are transitive, i.e. take an object (it). These verbs are called VAI+O (O = ‘object’); in Algonquian linguistics, they are also sometimes referred to as VTI2 or VAIT.
These verb stems end with a long a – or, more precisely, with the morpheme -ta (like apashta- and kata- above) – and they conjugate almost like VAIs with long a stems.
VAI+O (with long a stems) | VAI (with long a stems) | ||
---|---|---|---|
nitapashtan | I use it | nipapatan | I arrive by vehicle |
tshitapashtan | you use it | tshipapatan | you arrive by vehicle |
apashtau | s/he uses it | papatau | s/he arrives by vehicle |
Not all verbs ending in -tau are VAI+Os, though. For example, verbs ending in -patau running, driving do not take an object.
Where VAI+Os differ from VAIs is in the way that they form their passives. While VAIs form their passives (also called indefinites) with -nanu, VAI+Os form them with -akan like VTIs.
Passive or Indefinite Forms of VAI+Os | Passive or Indefinite Forms of VAIs | ||
---|---|---|---|
apashtakanu | it is used | papatananu | people arrive by vehicle |
katakanu | it is hidden | aiamiananu | people pray, there is a mass |